Political Gender Economy



Political Gender Economy
Political Economy
   Capitalism - socialism
   Mixed Economy

Political Gender Economy

To explore and analyse what role gender plays in the Political Economy I suggest to create a field of Political Gender Economy. In Perfect Gender Economy males and females have confident sex-identities as men and women (or other ) empowered with androgynous gender-identities whole-gendered by femininity and masculinity. Individuals, organizations, societies, sciences etc. have maximized the accomplishment of their personal identities. Such success is imaginable only under the circumstances of Perfect Political Economy. The role gender plays in the maintenance and development of political systems is explored by Political Gender Economy.

Even if we accept the direction towards Perfect Political GE and would eventually design the ways of reaching the solution strong efforts would be necessary to change our tradition-based gender realities. Let me suggest three of the heavy-weight obstacles against rational change in the way towards Perfect Political GE:

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Political Economy

Perfect Political Economy is the highest level of fusion of the parts in the traditional political dualities of capitalism and socialism as well as the ruling class and the producing class.

For such fusion to appear the competence in the whole spectrum of both dualities has to be achieved due to creation of archives of pros and cons of both capitalism and socialism, as well as rulers – producers.

Capitalism - socialism

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/mixed economy)
Capitalism is an economic system in which the means of production are mostly privately owned, and capital is invested in the production, distribution and other trade of goods and services, for profit in a competitive free market. These include factors of production such as land and other natural resources, labor and capital goods. Various theories have tried to explain what capitalism is, to justify, or critique the private ownership of capital, and to explain the operation of markets and guide the application or elimination of government regulation of property and markets.

Socialism refers to a broad array of doctrines or political movements that envisage a socio-economic system in which property and the distribution of wealth are subject to social control. As an economic system, socialism is associated with state or collective ownership of the means of production. This control may be either direct — exercised through popular collectives such as workers' councils — or it may be indirect — exercised on behalf of the people by the state.

Mixed Economy

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/mixed economy)
A mixed economy is an economy that has a mix of economic systems. It is usually defined as an economy that contains both private-owned and state-owned enterprises or that combines elements of capitalism and socialism, or a mix of market economy and command economy. There is not one single definition for a mixed economy, but relevant aspects include; a degree of private economic freedom (including privately owned industry) intermingled with centralized economic planning (which may include intervention for environmentalism and social welfare, or state ownership of some of means of production). For some states, there is not a consensus on whether they are capitalist, socialist, or mixed economies. Economies in states ranging from the United States to Cuba have been termed mixed economies.

The social market economy was the main economic model used in Western and Northern Europe during the Cold War era. It originated in West Germany, and it is known as Soziale Marktwirtschaft in German. In West Germany, the social market model was created and implemented by the Christian Democrat Ludwig Erhard, Minister of Economics under Konrad Adenauer's chancellorship and German Chancellor in his own right from 1963 to 1966. Erhard once told Friedrich Hayek that the free market economy did not need to be made social but was social in its origin. The social market economy seeks a middle path between socialism and capitalism (i.e. a mixed economy) and aims at maintaining a balance between a high rate of economic growth, low inflation, low levels of unemployment, good working conditions, social welfare, and public services, by using state intervention.

Market Socialism is a term used to define a number type economic system(s) in which the means of production are owned either by the state or by the workers collectively (meaning in general that "profits" of the economy are distributed more evenly between the population: profit sharing) and the production is not centrally planned but mediated through the market. Its central idea is that the market is not a mechanism exclusive to capitalism and that it is fully compatible with collective worker ownership over the means of production — which is one of the fundamental principles of socialism (socialism being the precursor to the utopian ideals of communism). Proponents of market socialism argue that it combines the advantages of a market economy with those of socialist economics. The theory is fundamentally contradictory to orthodox Marxism who oppose the theory on the grounds that it "yearns for the impossible: commodities without capital, capital without exploitation, money without speculation."